Optimal Placement and Utilization of Phasor Measurements for State Estimation

This paper presents a procedure by which new PMU locations can be systematically determined in order to render an observable system. The procedure is then extended to account for cases of loss of a single phasor measurement unit (PMU). Buses with zero and non-zero injections, and branches with power flow measurements are also accounted for in this generalized procedure. Several cases involving different power system and measurement configurations are presented where introducing few extra strategically placed PMUs minimizes vulnerability of the measurement system against the loss of single PMUs. The paper also develops a linear estimator based on strictly PMU measurements and investigates the computational performance as well as the bad data processing problem. Detection and identification of PMU failures are demonstrated via simulations.